See cruth in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cruthaigidir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dochrud"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "in chrud so"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "in chruth sin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sochrud"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cruth"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "croo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cruth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh pryd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (compare Welsh pryd), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crotha",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "crotha",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crotha"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "croth",
"g": "m",
"nom_sg2": "crud"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cruth+L",
"acc_du2": "crud",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "crothu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cruth+N",
"acc_sg2": "crud",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "crothaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "crothaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cruth+L",
"dat_sg2": "crud",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "crotho+L",
"gen_du2": "crotha+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "crothae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "crotho+H",
"gen_sg2": "crotha+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cruth+L",
"nom_du2": "crud",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "crothae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "cruth",
"nom_sg2": "crud",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cruth+L",
"voc_du2": "crud",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "crothu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cruth",
"voc_sg2": "crud",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 4 12 32 12 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-cruth-sga-noun-brVzy2zf",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 4 12 32 12 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 3 8 39 8 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"manner, way (used adverbially)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-cruth-sga-noun-WXqGgm-u",
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾuθ/"
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine u-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cruthaigidir"
},
{
"word": "dochrud"
},
{
"word": "in chrud so"
},
{
"word": "in chruth sin"
},
{
"word": "sochrud"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "cruth"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "croo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "cruth"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷritus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷritus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "pryd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh pryd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-",
"t": "to do, make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (compare Welsh pryd), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crotha",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crotho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crotha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crothae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "crothaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chruth",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "crud",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "crotha",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"altform": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crotha"
},
"expansion": "cruth m (genitive crotha)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "croth",
"g": "m",
"nom_sg2": "crud"
},
"name": "sga-decl-u"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cruth+L",
"acc_du2": "crud",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "crothu",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cruth+N",
"acc_sg2": "crud",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "u-m",
"dat_du": "crothaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "crothaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cruth+L",
"dat_sg2": "crud",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "crotho+L",
"gen_du2": "crotha+L",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_du4": "",
"gen_pl": "crothae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "crotho+H",
"gen_sg2": "crotha+H",
"gen_sg3": "",
"gen_sg4": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cruth+L",
"nom_du2": "crud",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "crothae+H",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_pl4": "",
"nom_sg": "cruth",
"nom_sg2": "crud",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cruth+L",
"voc_du2": "crud",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "crothu",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cruth",
"voc_sg2": "crud",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"form, shape"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manner, way (used adverbially)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾuθ/"
}
],
"word": "cruth"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cruth meaning in Old Irish (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, cruth/Old Irish",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cruth/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"cruth"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cruth",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (ddb1505 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.